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Description of types of pumps

Centrifugal Pumps - Most pumps are centrifugal type that use a rotating impeller to add velocity to the liquid being pumped. Within the pump, the velocity of the liquid is generated by centrifugal force. The velocity of the solution is converted with internal restrictions within the pump into pressure. Pressure is usually rated in feet of head for centrifugal pumps. This type of pump is used for liquids that are water like in viscosity (thickness), when quantities of flow are large compared to the pressure requirements.

Horizontal Pumps - These pump are mounted in a horizontal direction with the motor. They may be centrifugal or positive displacement. They require a seal to prevent the pumping solution from leaking past the rotating shaft. Shaft sealing can be of packing, mechanical seal, or magnetic driven.

Vertical Pumps - These pumps are mounted in a vertical direction -- usually in or over the supply tank. The shaft sealing is normally a restrictive bushing that will limit the leakage up the shaft or may use a second impeller (expeller) to prevent solution migration up the rotating shaft. Magnetic driven - seal-less pumps are also available in this type of pump.

Submersible Pumps - These pumps are mounted in the tank with the solution. The motor is normally contained in an oil filled cavity that is protected for contact with the liquid by a lip or mechanical seal. They can be designed to pump large solids or grind solids to smaller sizes, transfer waste water at large flow rates or high pressures, or just pick up water off the floor or the bottom of a tank. Often called sump pumps, they usually incorporate a float valve to automatically stop when the liquid level is low. Most submersible pump are centrifugal type.

Positive Displacement - This type of pump uses a mechanical force to push the liquid through and out of the pump. Rotating gears, reciprocating pistons or diaphragms are the most common type. Pressure will be rated in PSI (pounds per square inch). This type of pump is suitable for higher viscosity liquids or when pressure requirements are high.

Pumps are designed for may different special applications. Pumps are constructed of metal or thermoplastics suited for their abilities to handle corrosive chemical or solution process temperatures. There are special designs for most unusual applications -- Pump designs will incorporate the service conditions of the application and will be balanced with pump efficiency, pump service life, corrosion resistance, manufactured cost and physical size.

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